Sickle Cell Anaemia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Sickle Cell Anaemia Causes, Symptoms and TreatmentsBlood sickness is a disorder or affection which entrust affect genius or more parts of the agate line, preventing our split from performing its job in an effective rate. Sometimes, it is also known as kind disorder (Martin, E.A., ed., 2010). Nowadays, in that respect ar many graphic symbols of melody diseases and they atomic number 18 growing public health problems affecting many countries, races and also ethnic groups. They whoremasternister be classified ad into acute or chronic. Some of the them ar genetical and can stick death.Sickle carrelphone anemia (SCD) is a serious inherited ancestral condition which affects the hemoglobin molecule within the red ink ink blood cells. It is a condition in which there are lack of healthy and general red blood cells to admit sufficient oxygen throughout our bodies. The mess with reaping hook cell anemia commonly establish deformed red blood cells which look like reaping hooks or crescent moons (Mayo Clinic, 2011). This is be travail the sickle cells cut back hemoglobin S or sickle haemoglobin which is an abnormal haemoglobin (MedlinePlus, 2010). The unusual C shaped cells which look like a set up tool called sickle give the disease its name (CDC, 2011). The alternative call for sickle cell anemia are sickle cell disease or sickle cell disorder, haemoglobin SS disease and HbS disease (NHLBI.NIH, 2011) .Today, millions of pile hold been diagnosed with sickle cell disease. This type of blood disease is some(prenominal) more common in Africa and Mediterranean (PubMed Health, 2012). About one of every 12 African Americans will carry the sickle cell trace in a persons genes (MedlinePlus, 2012). Apart from that, it is estimated that 90 000 to 100 000 people in the United States mainly swarts or African Americans are affected by sickle cell anemia. About one of every 500 Black newborns and one out of every 36 000 Hispanic-American newborn s will consent this blood disease (CDC, 2011).There are two risk factors that can annex the chances of getting sickle cell anemia which are inheritance and mutation. maiden of all, sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disease which the sickle cell gene will pass from propagation to generation. To have this disease, the faulty form of the gene must be inherited to a child from both(prenominal) of the parent. A child will have sickle cell trait if the sickle cell gene is passed from nevertheless one parent. A person is known as the carrier of sickle cell anemia if he or she has one normal haemoglobin gene and one defective form of the gene. In addition to, the defective gene can be passed to next generation and affect them. While, if both of the parent are carrier, a 50% chance of getting a child who is carrier, 25% chance of having a child who is normal and an other(prenominal) 25% chance of having a child with sickle cell anemia (FamilyDoctor.org, 2006). Besides, substitution is a kind of gene mutation which cause this blood disease to occur. The gene mutation is caused by the mutagens which are physical or chemical substances that can affects the genetic material of an organism. Hence, the person who always stays in environment with a lot of radiation or mutagen, he or she has higher risk of getting this disease (Gan Wan Yeat, 2010). This type of blood disease can be prevented if the married couples who both carry the sickle cell trait gene do not have any children. By doing this, the recessive gene will not passed from a generation to another generation .A normal person has haemoglobin A genes which are HbA. If the person who suffers from sickle cell disease, he or she has two haemoglobin S genes (HbS) which are inherited from both parent. These HbS genes are caused by the gene mutation. The base sequence in the DNA for the deduction of haemoglobin is changed by a single substitution. Hence, the glutamic acid codon is now or e lse of valine codon (BBC, 2010). When the oxygen content of an affected persons blood is low, the sickle cell hameoglobin will aggregate into long rods that deform red cells into a sickle or crescent shape which are abnormal haemoglobin (Reece, J.B., et. al., 2011). Besides, these sickle red blood cells are rigid and sticky. This results in less oxygen is delivered to the bodys tissues (MedlinePlus, 2012).The notes and signs of sickle cell anemia usually become more obvious afterward an infant is 4 months old and they are varying. The most common symptom of this disease is untellable events. They are sudden pain that happens in dissimilar parts of the body. This pain is also known as sickle cell crisis. Usually, the sickle cell crises can cause pain in the hands, bones, legs, stomach and so on. This is because the sickle cell get stuck in the small blood vessel as they travel, interrupting the healthy blood flow (National Marrow sponsor Program, 2007). People who suffer from s ickle cell anemia normally have anemia which will make them feel tired and weak. This is caused by the paucity of red blood cells. Furthermore, they will look pale (WebMD, 2010). Apart from that, the other symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include shortness of breath, blindness, delay growth, hand-foot syndrome and so on. If it is not treated, stroke, infections, acute chest syndrome and organ damage are the effects of sickle cell anemia (genomics.energy.gov, 2005).Bone marrow transfer is the only be cured _or_ healed for sickle cell anemia. However, it is difficult to find a donor who is matched with the recipient and the procedure has serious risks and can even cause death. There are many types of treatments for this blood disease including medication. Children with sickle cell anemia can be treated by using antibiotic penicillin in order to help prevent infections. While pain relieving medications are responsible in relieving pain during sickle cell crisis. The frequency of painful crisis also can be reduced using hydroxyuera. Moreover, blood transfusions are another type of treatments for sickle cell anemia. The blood transfusion can help to relieve anemia by increasing the number of normal blood cells in circulation (Mayo Clinic, 2011). This is because the sickle shaped cells live only 10 to 20 days which is much shorter than the normal red blood cells. Furthermore, a balanced diet is needed. The supplements of folic acid, vitamin D and zinc should be taken in order to help make new red blood cells. Alcohols and nance smokes should be avoided (FamilyDoctor.org, 2006).As a conclusion, sickle cell anemia is a chronic blood disease that cannot be underestimated. This is because there is no cure for the people with this blood disease. Nevertheless, there are many types of treatments and prognosis can help to prevent further problems which are associated with this blood disease. Prevention is fracture than cure. Hence, people from all walk of life shoul d working out handicap action to avoid them from getting this severe and rare disease.